On the contrary, induction of TGF-β expression as well as supplementation with exogenous TGF-β could protect cardiomyocytes against ischemia injury[29],[30].In our experiment, we found improvement of cardiac function and LV remodeling by eNOS gene therapy, associated with down-regulation of TGF-β1 expression after MI injury. The gene discussed is NOS3; the disease is ischemia.