However, aside from the recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) highlighting IL-28B variants as the strongest host genetic predictor of infection outcome [9–12], these studies are typically limited by low subject numbers and lack of subjects from different ethnic populations (with different allelic distributions for many of these polymorphic genes) as well as a restricted number of cohorts that include acute HCV-infected individuals (a critical phase of the infection), and accordingly many genetic associations with infection outcome are rarely confirmed between cohorts. The gene discussed is IFNL3; the disease is infection.