Intriguingly, in accordance with a pro-tumoural role of TLR4 in PCa, it was recently reported that the TLR4 ligand peroxiredoxin-1 is over-expressed in human PCa specimens and that it regulates prostate tumour growth in a murine cancer experimental model through TLR4-dependent induction of prostate tumour vasculature 56. Here, TLR4 is linked to posterior cortical atrophy.