In 2003, the discovery that loss-of-function mutations of the gene encoding the Kp receptor Kiss1r/GPR54 in humans and rodents (de Roux et al., 2003; Seminara et al., 2003) prevent pubertal development and cause infertility spurred great interest in the role and mechanism of action of Kps in reproductive function (Pinilla et al., 2012 for review). This evidence concerns the gene KISS1R and Infertility.