We have previously shown that chronic alcohol ingestion in rats increases oxidative stress [3] and transforming growth factor 1 (TGFβ1) expression in the lung [4], and inflammatory insults such as sepsis release activated TGFβ1 into the alveolar space, which can intensify lung injury by further disrupting alveolar barrier function. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is Sepsis.