CAPZA1 and gastric cancer: For example, in cases of gastric cancer excision by endoscopic submucosal dissection [large T1 mucosal cancer (greater than 2 cm), mixed type of undifferentiated cancer or possibility of submucosal invasion], CAPZA1 expression could be the decisive factor in determining whether surgery should be performed: if CAPZA1 is underexpressed in the cancer tissue, it may be best to recommend surgery over surveillance.