Reduced expression of mRNA for ADCY5, EVX1, GFRA1 and PDE9A in T samples was correlated with clinicopathological parameters reflecting tumor aggressiveness, such as a larger tumor diameter, higher histological grade, blood vessel invasion, pleural invasion and tumor anthracosis (Table 2), although their mRNA expression levels were not predictors of recurrence that were independent of known parameters such as pathological-TNM stage and lymph node metastasis (Table S4). This evidence concerns the gene PDE9A and neoplasm.