There were no differences for osteopontin-a, osteopontin-b or osteopontin-c among adenocarcinoma (n = 26), non-small cell lung cancer (n = 4), and squamous cell carcinoma (n = 11) according to the Kruskal-Wallis test (four lung cancers were diagnosed as carcinoid tumor, small cell cancer, pleomorphic carcinoma, non-mucinous bronchioloalveolar carcinoma, and were not included in this analysis). This evidence concerns the gene SPP1 and squamous cell carcinoma.