Interestingly, GJA1 (CX43), an up-regulated gene in CF, has a functional link to cilia, given that in epithelial cells of nasal mucosa, only functional gap junctions of GJA1 are expressed [54], and it is through these junctions that the intracellular calcium wave that controls the beating of cilia is communicated. The gene discussed is GJA1; the disease is cystic fibrosis.