Although TGF-beta signaling acts as a tumor suppressor in a subset of colon cancer cells (i.e. FET, GEO and CBS, etc) that express wild type Smad4 [4], [10], [11], Smad4-independent TGF-beta signaling has been shown to promote colon cancer metastasis [31]. This evidence concerns the gene SMAD4 and malignant colon neoplasm.