VEGFA and glioblastoma: Figure 5A shows that transduction of VEGFR-2 shRNA into the GBM cell line U87 reduced VEGFR-2 mRNA expression. Knockdown of VEGFR-2 markedly reduced the chemotaxis of U87 GBM cells in response to VEGF (Fig. S3B) and also reduced the proliferation of U87 GBM cells in vitro as compared with the wide type (WT) and mock knockdown cells (Fig. S3C). When subcutaneously injected into nude mice, VEGFR-2 knockdown GBM cells showed a markedly reduced tumorigenicity (Fig. S3D) with increased mouse survival (Fig. S3E).