Type 1 interferons (specifically, IFNα and IFNβ), which are strongly induced by pIC, have been associated with the pathogenesis of T1DM [24,30,31,32,33], and their therapeutic use in diseases, such as chronic active hepatitis, has triggered autoimmune diseases including T1DM [34]. Here, IFNB1 is linked to type 1 diabetes mellitus.