Interventions studied included decreasing cerebral metabolic demand with hypothermia or barbiturate (N = 6, 13%), high-quality chest compressions or pressor use to return cerebral blood flow (N = 16, 35%), electrolyte/metabolic optimization with calcium, magnesium, sodium bicarbonate or insulin administration (N = 12, 26%), neuroprotective drugs including calcium channel blockers (N = 5, 11%), thrombolysis to treat the underlying cause of cardiac arrest (N = 2, 4%) and other (N = 5, 11%). The gene discussed is INS; the disease is cardiac arrest.