IL-1 is another cytokine produced as a consequence of stress or cell injury mainly by macrophages that modulate key events in the process of atherosclerosis such as vessels wall inflammation, leukocyte chemotaxis and adhesion by increasing expression of VCAM-1 and MCP-1, angiogenesis (through vascular endothelial growth factor—(VEFG) induction), upregulation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP), and destabilization of atheromatous plaques, that can lead to plaque rupture and thrombosis [86]. Here, CCL2 is linked to atherosclerosis.