ELN and hemorrhage: In the fetal brain, ethanol exposure increased mRNA levels of tropoelastin and collagen I α1 in small cerebral vessels (unpublished observations), and three out of eight ethanol-exposed fetuses examined for brain pathology exhibited small subarachnoid hemorrhages in the cerebrum and/or cerebellar parenchyma associated with focal cortical neuronal cell death and gliosis [20].