A number of studies have shown that IFN-γ is associated with the pathogenesis, as seen in malaria-infected mice, and that the pathogenic effect of IFN-γ is counterbalanced by the anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL10 [23]; IL-10 is a pleiotropic immunomodulatory cytokine regulating not only Th1 but also Th2-type reactions in many instances [24, 25]. The gene discussed is IL10; the disease is malaria.