IFNG and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: Leptin is known to regulate food intake and body weight [10], as well as exert immunostimulatory actions including macrophage and T cell activation, dendritic cell (DC) maturation, and releasing of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), TNF-α, and interleukin-(IL-) 6 [11], Thus, circulating proinflammatory factors have received increasing attention since they seem to have a major role during development of obesity-related disorders such as nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, T2D, and arteriosclerotic vascular disease (AVD) [3, 12].