In vitro studies have shown that T cells can be anergized toward melanoma-associated antigens when stimulated with IL-10 conditioned DCs (Steinbrink et al., 1999), and DCs which infiltrate progressing melanoma metastases in humans, have been characterized to express low levels of CD86 and IL-12 but possess an enhanced capacity to produce IL-10 (Enk et al., 1997). The gene discussed is CD86; the disease is melanoma.