IFNG and neoplasm: Studies in both human and murine systems have shown IFN-γ to inhibit cancer cell proliferation (Bromberg et al., 1996; Chin et al., 1996; Hobeika et al., 1999; Platanias et al., 1999; Zaidi and Merlino, 2011), promote tumor cell apoptosis through effects on the expression of caspases, FAS (also known as CD95), and TRAIL (Takeda et al., 2002; Chin et al., 1997; Xu et al., 1998; Meng and El-Deiry, 2001), and inhibit angiogenesis within the tumor environment (Luster and Leder, 1993; Coughlin et al., 1998; Ruegg et al., 1998.