KIR3DL1 and autoimmune disease: In humans, KIR immunogenetics have been coupled to autoimmune diseases (Martin et al., 2002), infections (Martin et al., 2002; Khakoo et al., 2004; Pelak et al., 2011), and outcomes in transplantation (Ruggeri et al., 2002; Cooley et al., 2009; Venstrom et al., 2012), suggesting that KIR genes take part in immunological fine-tuning.