Erkan et al. identified Pre-B-cell leukemia transcription factor 1 (PBX1) to be upregulated in inflammation-associated PSC compared to tumor-associated PSC, while cadherin EGF LAG seven-pass G-type receptor 3 (CELSR3) expression was upregulated in tumor-associated PSC compared to that of inflammation-associated PSC (Erkan et al., 2010). The gene discussed is EGF; the disease is neoplasm.