PANK2-specific NBIA, referred to as pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration (PKAN) was formally called Hallervorden–Spatz syndrome before the name was changed to divert any association with the unethical euthanization of mentally ill patients during World War II by Dr. Hallervorden (Dooling et al., 1974). Here, PANK1 is linked to pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration.