Based on our recent studies [8,16,17], low Total-APN and high C1q-APN/Total-APN correlated with coronary artery disease, suggesting that adiponectin may protect against the development of atherosclerosis through the activation of the complement system and that it can modulate the self-defense system through its binding with C1q in the peripheral circulation. The gene discussed is ADIPOQ; the disease is atherosclerosis.