To explore the role of HAX-1 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and to provide a basis for finding new anti-esophageal cancer drugs, we detected the expression of HAX-1 mRNA and protein with real-time RT-PCR and immunohistochemical method, and made the survival analysis in 112 patients with ESCC. This evidence concerns the gene HAX1 and esophageal cancer.