Initially reported as a candidate tumour marker in ovarian cancer in 1982 [23], [24], SPINK1 was originally named tumor-associated trypsin inhibitor (TATI) and pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor (PSTI), and is expressed in many other cancers, including breast [40] prostate [41]–[44], colon [45], [46], pancreatic/biliary [47]–[49], gastrointestinal [50] and renal [51], [52]. The gene discussed is SPINK1; the disease is cancer.