TNF and infection: To confirm that cytokines or chemokines, which might influence phenotypic and functional properties of DC, are present only at minimal levels in the virus supernatants used for infection, CBA using two different kits was performed targeting a total of nine important cytokines in inflammation; IL-8, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-2, IL-4 and IFN-γ.