VEGFA and nonpapillary renal cell carcinoma: Other pathways known to be associated with ccRCC have been identified including gene sets linked to hypoxia (HIF pathway), angiogenesis (VEGF pathway) as well as immune and inflammatory signalling (INFLAM, TOLL, TH1TH2, NFKB, NKCELLS, TCR, DC, TNFR1, TNFR2, CYTOKINE) pathways.