IGF1 and neoplasm: Pre-clinical studies have demonstrated that dalotuzumab acts by inhibiting IGF-1- and IGF-2-mediated tumor cell proliferation (Goetsch et al., 2005), IGF-1R autophosphorylation, and Akt phosphorylation (Wan et al., 2007; Cao et al., 2008; Broussas et al., 2009; Scartozzi et al., 2010).