CTSS and Ascending tubular aorta aneurysm: We and others have shown that ascending aortic aneurysm in patients with TAV, but not BAV, is associated with infiltration of inflammatory leukocytes.16,28 Accordingly, expression of MMP‐9 and cathepsin S, 2 inflammation‐related proteases, were higher in dilated aortas from TAV compared with BAV patients (data not shown).