In their studies, they noted consistent up-regulation of interleukin 6 (IL6), interferon-alpha (IFNA), interferon gamma (IFNG), and interleukin 2 (IL2) at 8, 24, and 36 hours post-infection (hpi), minimal gene expression changes in toll-like receptor 7 and MHC I and II gene expression (<3.0 fold), and down-regulation of interleukin 1-beta (IL1B). This evidence concerns the gene IL1B and infection.