IGF1 and posterior cortical atrophy: Several prospective studies have suggested that high circulating IGF-I levels were associated with increased mitogenic and anti-apoptotic effects and an increased risk of developing PCa (Chan et al., 1998; Grimberg and Cohen, 1999; Khosravi et al., 2001; Monti et al., 2007; Werner and Bruchim, 2009).