CARD11 and plasma cell myeloma: For example, the v-Rel viral oncogene is the homolog of c-Rel, one of the NFκB subunits[61]; also, mutations in NFκB subunits themselves or in components that activate NFκB are associated with a variety of hematological malignancies[62], [63], [64]; activating mutations in upstream regulators such as CARD11 (inflammasome component) or MYD88 (constitutive TLR signaling) are associated with B-cell lymphoma, and downstream targets of NFκB are often mutated in multiple myeloma as well [61], [65], [66], [67].