Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified MYH9 (Myosin Heavy Chain 9) and its closely linked gene APOL1, as major susceptibility genes predisposing towards end stage kidney disease (ESKD), in various types of renal diseases (idiopathic focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, HIV-associated nephropathy, hypertensive nephrosclerosis, diabetic nephropathy, IgA nephropathy progression), in African-Americans, European-Americans, Europeans, Hispanic-Americans and Chinese [23]–[27]. Here, MYH9 is linked to HIV-associated nephropathy.