Additionally, as controls for the analysis below, we examined primary fibroblasts derived from two Sensenbrenner Syndrome patients, which carry distinct defects in genes encoding primary cilia intraflagellar transport (IFT) proteins, namely WDR35 (also called IFT121) or IFT43[37], [38]. The gene discussed is IFT43; the disease is cranioectodermal dysplasia.