ADIPOQ and obesity disorder: Notably, since unfavorable changes in secretion of adipokines, such as elevated leptin/adiponectin ratio, can directly reflect adipose tissue dysfunction and these changes may precede and predict obesity-related metabolic disorders [7], WC in conjunction with leptin/adiponectin may more accurately identify abnormal fat distribution and function in children and thus predict their risk of MetS at an earlier stage [48].