Gender-specific influences may interact with the APOA5 −1131T>C polymorphism to modulate TG and HDL-C levels; (1) C carriers had a higher TG levels and lower HDL-C levels in males than females, (2) the effect of the APOA5 −1131T>C polymorphism on TG levels was pronounced in the MS group than in the control group of males, and (3) a lower HDL-C levels was only significant in the control group of males. This evidence concerns the gene APOA5 and myeloid sarcoma.