TNF and ankylosing spondylitis: The hypothesis that chronic inflammation in ankylosing spondylitis is associated with endothelial dysfunction despite treatment with conventional disease modifying antirheumatic drugs, which can be reversed with intravenous (i.v.)infusion of infliximab (anti-TNF-α agent) was tested in the prospective, uncontrolled, open-label, pilot study by Syngle et al. [32].