AKT1 and neoplasm: The VEGF proteins (VEGF-A, B, C, and D), which are secreted by tumor cells, act as ligands for the VEGFR-2 receptors on endothelial cells and promote a signaling cascade through different pathways, such as PLC-γ-PKC-Raf-MEK-MAPK and PI3K-Akt, that stimulate cellular proliferation, migration, and survival and induce neoangiogenesis [21].