RUNX2 and osteosarcoma: Smith et al. proved in vitro in an osteosarcoma cell line, Saos-2, using 5–50 μM CdCl2 for 3–48 h that Cd-induced oxidative damage led to a decrease in RUNX2 expression resulting in osteoblast apoptosis suggesting RUNX2’s anti-apoptotic role in osteoblasts.