Although the CSF of PD patients has been reported to contain high concentrations ofIL-1β (Blum-Degen et al., 1995; Mogi et al., 1996), this finding is not specific as brains of patients with AD(Alzheimer's disease) and LB dementia also display IL-1β-expressing microglia within thevicinity of neurons that were highly immunoreactive for βAPP (β-amyloid precursorprotein) and contained both LBs and neurofibrillary tangles (Grigoryan et al., 2000). The gene discussed is IL1B; the disease is Parkinson disease.