Examples of such targeted therapies include: (i) imatinib targeting BCR/ABL tyrosine kinase in CML (Hughes et al., 2003), (ii) gefitinib and erlotinib targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase domain in non-small cell lung carcinoma (Lynch et al., 2004; Shepherd et al., 2005; Taron et al., 2005), and (iii) trastuzumab targeting human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2) receptor in breast carcinomas (Slamon et al., 2001; Piccart-Gebhart et al., 2005). The gene discussed is EGFR; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.