TRAF6 and systemic lupus erythematosus: As illustrated in Figure 2G and 2H, protein expression levels of TLR7, MyD88, IRAK4, TRAF6, and IFN-α were upregulated in patients with active AOSD (relative expression levels, mean ± SEM, 1.57 ± 0.04, 1.65 ± 0.12, 1.45 ± 0.13, 1.91 ± 0.14, 1.09 ± 0.06, respectively) and SLE (1.29 ± 0.04, 1.49 ± 0.10, 1.30 ± 0.18, 1.47 ± 0.27, 1.20 ± 0.20; respectively) compared to healthy controls (1.05 ± 0.20, 1.15 ± 0.24, 0.66 ± 0.04, 1.21 ± 0.07, 0.72 ± 0.14, respectively).