CRP and atherosclerosis: As we have shown, the known risk factors of subclinical atherosclerosis or cardiovascular disease such as mean levels of CRP, interleukin 6, HOMA-IR, FBS, and LDL-C were compared between the four groups with following features: the first group: without history of GDM and MS, the second group: women with pGDM but without MS; the third group: women with MS but without the history of pGDM; and the last group: women with both MS and the history of pGDM.