It is also possible that the effect of PI(4,5)P2 on BTV maturation might also be due to changes in its cellular regulation caused by virus infection or that PI(4,5)P2 might affect BTV particle production due to its effect on NS3 and VP5 by perturbing the levels of either annexin-2 or SNARE proteins, the cellular binding partners of the two viral proteins. This evidence concerns the gene ANXA2 and viral infectious disease.