We explored these two questions by studying the interrelationship between the activation of microglia-TNF-α, astrocyte-TNF-α, and neuron-TNF-α double labeling cells in the ischemic brain areas and the development of cerebral ischemia and neurological and motor dysfunction as well as the attenuating of cerebral ischemia and neurological and motor dysfunction by etanercept therapy after TBI. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and brain ischemia.