ABCB1 and Alzheimer disease: As such, in this minireview, we would like firstly to summarize the known roles of ABCB1 and ABCA1 expressed by the different cell types forming the NVU in Aβ clearance from brain parenchyma and microvessels into blood circulation, secondly to propose possible mechanisms for Aβ clearance through the NVU based on the existing literature, and finally to discuss the potential of ABCB1 and ABCA1 modulation as a new therapeutic strategy in CAA, and AD treatment.