INS and Hypoglycemia: Some of the best evidence for AVP involvement in the response of the HPA axis response to stress is derived from studies that have shown that immunoneutralization of AVP diminish the increase in plasma ACTH produced by various stressors such as restraint, insulin-induced hypoglycemia, or injection of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (Turnbull et al., 1998; see introduction in Lolait et al., 2007).