MAPK3 and ischemia: Cardiac ischemia-reperfusion is associated with activation of various signaling pathways (e.g., extracellular signal regulated protein kinase (ERK1/2) pathway and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mediated cellular injury pathway) that play an important pathophysiological role in the progression of ischemia-reperfusion injury and myocardial dysfunction [11, 12].