Hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress promotes inflammation through increased endothelial cells damage, microvascular permeability, and uncontrolled release of proinflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6), ultimately leading to decreased insulin sensitivity and diabetic vascular complications. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is Hyperglycemia.