RIGI and melanoma: For instance, it has been reported that the activation of RIG-I and MDA-5 using 3p-RNA and poly(I:C) leads to apoptosis of human melanoma cells, which proved to be independent of type I IFNs but dependent on upregulation of Puma and Noxa [11], while RIG-I-mediated activation of IRF-3 was demonstrated to be required for the apoptotic effect of adenovirus infection in the fibrosarcoma cells [12], [13].