Notably, four (TP53 for the lung cancer, ATM for the colorectal cancer, CDKN2A-p16(INK4a) and BRCA1 for the breast cancer) of the 16 deleted C-TSGs were significantly up-regulated in their corresponding cancer types, and all four play roles in maintaining genome stability [28]. The gene discussed is BRCA1; the disease is breast carcinoma.